RTP and RNG
How Randomness and Returns Work Together in Casino Games
One of the most misunderstood aspects of casino solutions is the relationship between RNG (Random Number Generator) and RTP (Return to Player). Many assume that RTP somehow "programs" the RNG to produce certain outcomes. The reality is more nuanced—and understanding it is crucial for both operators and players. Powersoft explains the mathematics behind fair gaming.
What Is RTP?
Return to Player represents the percentage of wagered money that a game returns to players over time.
RTP Examples
96% RTP: $100 wagered returns $96 on average
4% House Edge: Platform's expected profit margin
Important: Calculated over millions of game rounds
The Common Misconception
Many believe the RNG is "programmed" to achieve RTP. This is fundamentally incorrect.
The Truth
RNG: Produces completely random outcomes (knows nothing about RTP)
Pay Table: Assigns values to each outcome
RTP: Emerges mathematically from the combination
How RTP Is Determined
RTP is a function of game design, not RNG manipulation in casino platforms.
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Symbol Distribution
How many of each symbol on each reel
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Pay Table Values
What each winning combination pays
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Feature Frequency
How often bonus features trigger
Simplified Example: Dice Game
• RNG generates: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (each with 1/6 probability)
• Pay table: Roll 6 pays 5x, everything else loses
• RTP calculation: (1/6 × 5) + (5/6 × 0) = 83.3%
• The RNG doesn't "know" about 83.3%—it just produces fair dice rolls
RTP in Different Game Types
| Game Type | Typical RTP | RTP Source |
|---|---|---|
| Slots | 94-98% | Reel strips + pay table |
| Blackjack | 99.5%+ | Rules + optimal strategy |
| Roulette (European) | 97.3% | 37 slots, 35:1 payout |
| Baccarat | 98.9% | Card probabilities + rules |
| Crash Games | 95-99% | Multiplier distribution |
Volatility: The Missing Piece
Two games can have identical RTP but feel completely different. Volatility explains why.
Low Volatility
• Frequent small wins
• Steady bankroll
• Lower max win potential
• Example: Classic fruit slots
High Volatility
• Rare big wins
• Dramatic bankroll swings
• Higher max win potential
• Example: Progressive jackpots
RNG Independence
A critical principle: RNG doesn't "remember" previous results in casino solutions.
The Gambler's Fallacy
• After 10 losses, a win is NOT "due"
• Each spin/hand/roll is independent
• RNG has no memory of past outcomes
• RTP is a long-term statistical average, not a guarantee
Conclusion
In casino platforms, RNG and RTP serve distinct functions. RNG ensures random outcomes; RTP emerges from game mathematics. Understanding this relationship is essential for operators building transparent platforms and players making informed decisions.
Build mathematically sound games with Powersoft—where fairness is proven, not promised.